Adverb clauses: manner. time. place.
Adverbs are words that tell more about verbs.
Adverbs of manner tell how an action was done; adverbs of time tell When an action was done; adverbs of place tell Where an action was done.
Manner
John did that work as it should be done.
The man ran as if wolves were chasing him.
Answer the questions as you have been taught.
He fought as a brave man should fight.
Time
The thief ran away, when he saw the policeman.
When I have finished my work, I shall go out to play.
The tooth stopped aching, when the dentist came in.
A cold wind sprang up ,just as the sun was setting.
She decided to wait, until the train arrived.
Place
Mary put the meat, where the cat couldn't reach it.
The sailors went, where they expected to find the treasure.
Where there are flowers, you will generally find bees.
Wherever Fred goes, Jock is sure to go.
Noun Clauses
Clauses are doing the work of a noun called Noun Clauses.(subject or object)
Fred dreamed a dream.= Fred dreamed that he was travelling to the moon.
I know arithmetic.= I know that two and two make four.
Mary said a few words.= Mary said that she was wearing a new dress.
Your work seems very difficult.= What you are doing seems very difficult.
The prisoner's escape is a complete mystery.= How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery.
Monday, January 24, 2011
sentences, phrases, clauses,simple -complex sentences
Sentence= A group of words that make complete sense is a sentence,e.g.ประโยคคือกลุ่มคำที่ให้ความหมายสมบูรณ์และมีกริยา ด้วย
1. Tommy has a dog. - statement
2. Where are you going? - Question
3. Open the door. - command
A sentence can do one of three things. ประโยคทำหน้าที่อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งดังต่อไปนี้
1. Make a statement to tell us something
2. Ask a question.
3. Give a command
Phrases = A group of words that makes sense but not complete sense,for example: วลี คือกลุ่มคำมีความหมายแต่ไม่สมบูรณ์ (ไม่มีคำกริยา)
into the house; at nine o'clock; for two shillings.
A sentence must have a verb in it. A sentence that has only one verb in it is called a Simple Sentence.for example: ประโยตต้องมีกริยา ประโยคที่มีกริยาตัวเดียวเรียกว่า ประโยค Simple Sentence
The boy opened the door. -statement.
Did the boy open the door? - question
Open the door, please. -request
Open the door at once. -command
A sentence that is made of two or more simple sentences joined by a conjuntion, or conjuntions, is called a Compound Sentence, for example: คือประโยคที่มีกริยา มากกว่า 2 ตัวเชื่อมด้วยคำเชื่อม
The boy opened the door and walked into the room.
John works hard but Richard is lazy.
Shall I write to him or will you telephone?
Mary went to the baker's shop for a loaf and Ellen helped her mother in the house, but Margaret sat listening to the radio.
A clause is a sentence that does not make complete sense by itselt. It depends on another sentence for its full meaning.Clause คือประโยคที่มีความหมายไม่สมบูรณ์ในตัวเอง ต้องอาศัยประโยคอื่นประกอบ
Adjective clauses= They do the work of an adjective. clause ที่ทำหน้าอย่าง adjective
I like a good story. = I like a story that is good.
That is a clever boy.= That is a boy who is clever.
Is this your lost kitten? = Is this your kitten which was lost?
We helped the shipwrecked sailors.= We helped the sailors who were shipwrecked.
Complex sentence = A principle Clause and one or more subordinate clauses together make a complex sentence. e.g.
Priciple clause ... subordiante(adjective) clasues
This is the house that Jack built.
Here is the letter which I received.
Where is the boy Who looks after the sheep?
They met an Indian Who earned his living by trapping animals.
The house (that Jack built) has fallen down.
The letter (which I received ) is in my pocket.
The boy(who looks after the sheep) is fast asleep.
แยกประโยค ได้ดังนี้
Principle Clause Subordinate Adjective Clauses
The house has fallen down that Jack built.
The letter is in my pocket which I received.
The boy is fast asleep. Who looks after the sheep.
The adjective clause must go as near as possible to the noun it describes.Adjectiv Clause ต้องอยู่ใกล้คำที่มันขยายมากที่สุด
A relative pronoun does the work of a pronoun and of conjunction.
The three most commonly used relative pronouns are who (used for people) ,which ( used for things) and that (used for people and things) . e.g. Relative Pronoun ทำหน้าที่ ของ pronoun และ conjunction คือทำหน้าที่ สรรพนามและ คำเชื่อม
Simple sentences
1.This is Mrs.Sprat. 2. Mrs. Sprat couldn't eat any fat.
complex sentence
This is Mrs.Sprat who couldn't eat any fat. who=and Mrs.Sprat.
Simple sentecne
Here are the passengers. They want ot travel by this plane.
Complex sentence
Here are the passengers that ( who) want to travel by this plane. that = and they
simple sentence
I have a book. It teaches English grammar.
complex sentence
I have a book which teaches English grammar. which = and it.
* To put the adjective clause next to the noun it describes. e.g.
simple sentence
1.The book teaches me grammar.
2.It is a new one.
complex sentence
The book that teaches me grammar is a new one.
simple sentence
1.The man couldn't eat any fat.
2.The man is called Jack Sprat.
complex sentence
The man who couldn't eat any fat is called Jack Sprat.
1. Tommy has a dog. - statement
2. Where are you going? - Question
3. Open the door. - command
A sentence can do one of three things. ประโยคทำหน้าที่อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งดังต่อไปนี้
1. Make a statement to tell us something
2. Ask a question.
3. Give a command
Phrases = A group of words that makes sense but not complete sense,for example: วลี คือกลุ่มคำมีความหมายแต่ไม่สมบูรณ์ (ไม่มีคำกริยา)
into the house; at nine o'clock; for two shillings.
A sentence must have a verb in it. A sentence that has only one verb in it is called a Simple Sentence.for example: ประโยตต้องมีกริยา ประโยคที่มีกริยาตัวเดียวเรียกว่า ประโยค Simple Sentence
The boy opened the door. -statement.
Did the boy open the door? - question
Open the door, please. -request
Open the door at once. -command
A sentence that is made of two or more simple sentences joined by a conjuntion, or conjuntions, is called a Compound Sentence, for example: คือประโยคที่มีกริยา มากกว่า 2 ตัวเชื่อมด้วยคำเชื่อม
The boy opened the door and walked into the room.
John works hard but Richard is lazy.
Shall I write to him or will you telephone?
Mary went to the baker's shop for a loaf and Ellen helped her mother in the house, but Margaret sat listening to the radio.
A clause is a sentence that does not make complete sense by itselt. It depends on another sentence for its full meaning.Clause คือประโยคที่มีความหมายไม่สมบูรณ์ในตัวเอง ต้องอาศัยประโยคอื่นประกอบ
Adjective clauses= They do the work of an adjective. clause ที่ทำหน้าอย่าง adjective
I like a good story. = I like a story that is good.
That is a clever boy.= That is a boy who is clever.
Is this your lost kitten? = Is this your kitten which was lost?
We helped the shipwrecked sailors.= We helped the sailors who were shipwrecked.
Complex sentence = A principle Clause and one or more subordinate clauses together make a complex sentence. e.g.
Priciple clause ... subordiante(adjective) clasues
This is the house that Jack built.
Here is the letter which I received.
Where is the boy Who looks after the sheep?
They met an Indian Who earned his living by trapping animals.
The house (that Jack built) has fallen down.
The letter (which I received ) is in my pocket.
The boy(who looks after the sheep) is fast asleep.
แยกประโยค ได้ดังนี้
Principle Clause Subordinate Adjective Clauses
The house has fallen down that Jack built.
The letter is in my pocket which I received.
The boy is fast asleep. Who looks after the sheep.
The adjective clause must go as near as possible to the noun it describes.Adjectiv Clause ต้องอยู่ใกล้คำที่มันขยายมากที่สุด
A relative pronoun does the work of a pronoun and of conjunction.
The three most commonly used relative pronouns are who (used for people) ,which ( used for things) and that (used for people and things) . e.g. Relative Pronoun ทำหน้าที่ ของ pronoun และ conjunction คือทำหน้าที่ สรรพนามและ คำเชื่อม
Simple sentences
1.This is Mrs.Sprat. 2. Mrs. Sprat couldn't eat any fat.
complex sentence
This is Mrs.Sprat who couldn't eat any fat. who=and Mrs.Sprat.
Simple sentecne
Here are the passengers. They want ot travel by this plane.
Complex sentence
Here are the passengers that ( who) want to travel by this plane. that = and they
simple sentence
I have a book. It teaches English grammar.
complex sentence
I have a book which teaches English grammar. which = and it.
* To put the adjective clause next to the noun it describes. e.g.
simple sentence
1.The book teaches me grammar.
2.It is a new one.
complex sentence
The book that teaches me grammar is a new one.
simple sentence
1.The man couldn't eat any fat.
2.The man is called Jack Sprat.
complex sentence
The man who couldn't eat any fat is called Jack Sprat.
Sunday, January 23, 2011
How to say numbers การอ่านจำนวน
1.And
In British English, And is used before the last two figures (tens and units) of a number.(In American Englush ,this is unusual.) การเขียนตัวเลขให้ใช้ and เชื่อมระหว่างหลักสิบ กับหลักหน่วย ตามตัวอย่างด้านล่าง
125 Three hundred and twenty-five (US: three hundred twenty-five)
719 seven hundred and nineteen (US: seven hundred nineteen.)
3,077 three thousand and seventy-seven (US: three thousand seventy-seven.)
*Note that in writing commas (not full stops) are used to separate thousands.
2. A and one
Typical mistake: I want to live for hundred years.
A)The words hundred, thousand, and million can be used in the singular with a or one, but nor alone. A is more common in an informal style; one is used when are speaking more precisely.Compare: เลขร้อย พัน ล้าน ฯ ต้องมี a หรือ one ตัวใดตัวหนึ่งนำหน้า ไม่มีไม่ได้
I want to live for a hundred years.
The journey took exactly one hundred days.
I've saved a thousand pounds.
Pay the inspector of taxes one thousand pounds only.(On a cheque)
A is also common in an information style wtih measurement-words. Compapre:
A pint of beer will soon cost a pound.
Mix one pint of milk with one pound of flour.
B). Note thai A is only used with hundred, thousand, etc at beginning of a number.Campare:
146 a hundred and forty-six.
1,146 three thousand , one hundred and forty-six.
C). We can say A thousand for the round nunber' 1,000 ,and we can say a thousand before and, but we say one thousand before a number of hundreds. Compare:
1,000 a thousand
1,031 a thousand and thirty- one
1,100 one thousand, one hundred
1.498 one thousand, four hundred and ninety-eight.
Compare also:
a mile one mile , six hundred yards
a pound one pound twenty-five (1.25)
a foot one foot four (inches)
an hour and seventeen minutes one hour, seventeen minutes
3. Hundred and thousand
We often say eleven hundred, twelve hundred, etc instead of one thousand one hundred etc. This is most common with round number between 1,100 and 1,900 .
4. Nought,zero , nil, etc
The figure o is normally called nought ( no:t) in British English, and zero in America English.
When numbers are said figure by figure, o is often called โอ
My account number is four one three two six o six nine.
I measurement (for instance , of temperature), O is call zero.
Zero degrees Fahrenheit = 17.8 degrees below zero Centigrade.
Zero scores in team-games are usually called nil in British English (American zero) .In tennis ,table-
tennis, and similar games, the word love is used.
Manchester three ; Liverpool nil.
Five -love; your service.
5.Dates
Typical mistake: My birthday 's on seventeen june.
There are two ways of saying dates.การเขียน วันที่มี 2 อย่างคือ
The first of January , January the first.
The seventeenth of June, June the seventeenth.
In American English, dates are generally said January first, June seventheenth,etc.) When dates are written , the, of, and often the ordinal enging(-th ,etc.) are dropped.
1(st) January 1976. February 16(th), 1978.
When dates aree expressed entirely in figures, Americans put the month before the day. 8.6.79 means June the eighth in British , but August tghe sixth in the United States.
The numbers of years are usually said in two halves.การเขียนปี แบ่งเป็น 2 คู่
1066 ten sixty-six
1789 seventeen eighty-nine
1984 nineteen eighty-four.
921 nine twenty-one
6.Telephone numbers
In phone numbers, we say each figure separately. O is called โอ. Instead of six ,two two ,etc, British speakers usually say double six , etc. หมายเลขโทรศัพท์ อ่านเรียงตัว เลข 2 ตัวซ้อนก้น British English อาน double, American English อ่าน เรียงตัว เช่นตัวอย่าง
307- 4922 three o seven -four nine double two.(US: two two.)
52816 five two eight one six.
In British English, And is used before the last two figures (tens and units) of a number.(In American Englush ,this is unusual.) การเขียนตัวเลขให้ใช้ and เชื่อมระหว่างหลักสิบ กับหลักหน่วย ตามตัวอย่างด้านล่าง
125 Three hundred and twenty-five (US: three hundred twenty-five)
719 seven hundred and nineteen (US: seven hundred nineteen.)
3,077 three thousand and seventy-seven (US: three thousand seventy-seven.)
*Note that in writing commas (not full stops) are used to separate thousands.
2. A and one
Typical mistake: I want to live for hundred years.
A)The words hundred, thousand, and million can be used in the singular with a or one, but nor alone. A is more common in an informal style; one is used when are speaking more precisely.Compare: เลขร้อย พัน ล้าน ฯ ต้องมี a หรือ one ตัวใดตัวหนึ่งนำหน้า ไม่มีไม่ได้
I want to live for a hundred years.
The journey took exactly one hundred days.
I've saved a thousand pounds.
Pay the inspector of taxes one thousand pounds only.(On a cheque)
A is also common in an information style wtih measurement-words. Compapre:
A pint of beer will soon cost a pound.
Mix one pint of milk with one pound of flour.
B). Note thai A is only used with hundred, thousand, etc at beginning of a number.Campare:
146 a hundred and forty-six.
1,146 three thousand , one hundred and forty-six.
C). We can say A thousand for the round nunber' 1,000 ,and we can say a thousand before and, but we say one thousand before a number of hundreds. Compare:
1,000 a thousand
1,031 a thousand and thirty- one
1,100 one thousand, one hundred
1.498 one thousand, four hundred and ninety-eight.
Compare also:
a mile one mile , six hundred yards
a pound one pound twenty-five (1.25)
a foot one foot four (inches)
an hour and seventeen minutes one hour, seventeen minutes
3. Hundred and thousand
We often say eleven hundred, twelve hundred, etc instead of one thousand one hundred etc. This is most common with round number between 1,100 and 1,900 .
4. Nought,zero , nil, etc
The figure o is normally called nought ( no:t) in British English, and zero in America English.
When numbers are said figure by figure, o is often called โอ
My account number is four one three two six o six nine.
I measurement (for instance , of temperature), O is call zero.
Zero degrees Fahrenheit = 17.8 degrees below zero Centigrade.
Zero scores in team-games are usually called nil in British English (American zero) .In tennis ,table-
tennis, and similar games, the word love is used.
Manchester three ; Liverpool nil.
Five -love; your service.
5.Dates
Typical mistake: My birthday 's on seventeen june.
There are two ways of saying dates.การเขียน วันที่มี 2 อย่างคือ
The first of January , January the first.
The seventeenth of June, June the seventeenth.
In American English, dates are generally said January first, June seventheenth,etc.) When dates are written , the, of, and often the ordinal enging(-th ,etc.) are dropped.
1(st) January 1976. February 16(th), 1978.
When dates aree expressed entirely in figures, Americans put the month before the day. 8.6.79 means June the eighth in British , but August tghe sixth in the United States.
The numbers of years are usually said in two halves.การเขียนปี แบ่งเป็น 2 คู่
1066 ten sixty-six
1789 seventeen eighty-nine
1984 nineteen eighty-four.
921 nine twenty-one
6.Telephone numbers
In phone numbers, we say each figure separately. O is called โอ. Instead of six ,two two ,etc, British speakers usually say double six , etc. หมายเลขโทรศัพท์ อ่านเรียงตัว เลข 2 ตัวซ้อนก้น British English อาน double, American English อ่าน เรียงตัว เช่นตัวอย่าง
307- 4922 three o seven -four nine double two.(US: two two.)
52816 five two eight one six.
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